Acidentes industriais ampliados: Desafios e perspectivas para o controle e a prevencao

Grandes accidentes industriales: desafíos y perspectivas para el control y prevención toma en consideración las posibles causas de accidentes industriales considerados desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria. Teniendo como referencia eventos pasados y situaciones críticas actuales, planeamiento de emergencias y criterios para la prevención de desastres; estrategias institucionales de control y prevención. La obra se desarrolló bajo la supervisión de veinte especialistas nacionales e internacionales, que en trece capítulos garantizan al lector un panorama actual sobre el tema tan poco explorado que es de gran importancia para la preservación de la vida

Acidentes industriais ampliados : Desafios e perspectivas para o controle e a prevencao

Grandes accidentes industriales: desafíos y perspectivas para el control y prevención toma en consideración las posibles causas de accidentes industriales considerados desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria. Teniendo como referencia eventos pasados y situaciones críticas actuales, planeamiento de emergencias y criterios para la prevención de desastres; estrategias institucionales de control y prevención. La obra se desarrolló bajo la supervisión de veinte especialistas nacionales e internacionales, que en trece capítulos garantizan al lector un panorama actual sobre el tema tan poco explorado que es de gran importancia para la preservación de la vida

Principais critérios para julgamento da gestao de desastre e aplicacao naas sociedades em desenvolvimento

En este capítulo se considera la importancia sobre las posibles ocurrencias de desastre a partir de investigaciones por investigadores sociales y de comportamiento; muchas de las cuales descubiertas por el centro de investigaciones y desastres Desaster Research Center (DRC), desde que este inició sus estudios en el año 1963, sus observaciones y conclusiones generales brindan esencialmente la mayor cantidad de conocimiento científicos acumulados a través de cuatro décadas de investigación; esta investigación trata de desastres naturales y tecnológicos, demostrando que esencialmente que no existen diferencias significativas entre estos dos tipos de crisis, no se discuten distinciones o diferencias entre estas situaciones

Implications for programmes and policies from future disaster trends

It is all but certain that there will be more and worse disasters in the future. Other researchers as well as ourself have detailed and documented this elsewhere. This undesirable outcome will result from the last stages of two master and worldwide social trends: industrialisation and urbanisation. However, crisis planning and emergency managing policies can be established and steps can be taken that will reduce and weaken some of the negative effects of the disasters of the twenty-first century. Among major ones are: I. Noting and accepting the fact that all disaster are essentially social occasions that initially and primarily have to be dealt with by social means; II. Dropping the distinction in planning between natural and technological disaster and moving to an all-hazard or generic approach; III. Making disaster mitigation at least as much a priority in planning and application as emergency preparedness, response and recovery; IV. More closely integrating disaster planning to the developmental planning or social change processes of the social system involved; and V. Ascertaining in what ways disaster problems are similar to and different from other environmental problems, and concurrently addressing both where there are similarities. If the right policies and measures are put in place, the future will not be the past revisited nor will it be only the present repeated

Disaster related social behaviour : Summary of 50 years of research findings

This paper summarizes much although not all of what is known about overall disaster related social behavior. Drawing from a base of 50 years of social science research involving thousands of studies, we note the typical patterns of behavior at the individual, organizational, community and mass media level. The last is a surrogate for reactions at the societal level. To avoid interminable and specific documentation, readers are given a large bibliography that lists the major research literature examined for the purpose of this paper. Most disasters impact a community. However, there are non-community types of disasters, e.g., a plane crash in an isolated rural area. This affects behavioral responses (e.g., crash survivors do not receive the social support that emerges in a community when residents have undergone a common disaster experience). The 20 general observations below around which we organize our comments, are mostly about community disasters

Ten criteria for evaluating the management of community disasters.

The discussion herein concerns important factors in the local management of disasters. We contrast this with the related but distinct process of disaster planning. Our assumption is that what is crucial is not management per se, but good management. Thus, to assess intelligently the management of community disasters requires an answer to the question: What is good management? The results of empirical research carried out by social scientists over the past 40 years are drawn upon in considering this question. The criteria identified entail: (1) correctly recognising differences between response and agent-generated demands; (2) adequately carrying out generic functions; (3) effectively mobilising personnel and resources; (4) generating an appropriate delegation of tasks and division of labour; (5) adequately processing information; (6) properly exercising decision-making; (7) developing overall coordination; (8) blending emergent and established organisational behaviours; (9) providing appropriate reports for the news media; and (10) having a well-functioning emergency operations centre. An issue also raised in the paper is how applicable these research findings-derived mostly from developed countries-are to the developing world.

What should we study? Questions and suggestions for researchers about the concept of disasters

This paper struggles with the problem of what we, as researchers, should study as a disaster. In our view, this is by far the most important task currently facing the field of disaster studies, as undertaken by social and behavioral scientists. We are not going to proclaim the definitive answer. Instead, we ask some questions and advance some suggestions for researchers about the concept of disaster

The family and community context of individual reactions to disaster

Most widespread images of disaster behavior are based on a concept of the weakness of the average individual and the fragility of typical social organization in being able to cope with crise. Research, however, has revealed the resilience of individuals and social structures under conditions of great adversity.Four different behavioral contexts have been examened hare: reactions to warming, reactions to threat, reactions to impact, and coping with loss. In all of these situations, the family and the community context provided mechanisms which tended to reduce, deflect, and soften the potential consequences of a disaster event (AU)